Recovered Fly Ashes as an Anthropogenic Raw Material

Poland is a country where the commercial power industry mainly uses coal to produce energy. As result of energy production processes, by-products combustion are generated, primarily fly ashes. In Poland, these mostly obtained from conventional boilers. Fly ashes account for 1.2% all industrial waste generated in Poland. addition, produced by fluidized-bed These classified as mixture and solid calcium-based reaction flue-gas desulphurization, constitute almost 2% Polish waste. This paper describes amounts considers activities related their recovery disposal. The high levels (about 90%) fluidized 98%) mean that products can also be considered anthropogenic raw materials. use materials cement an example symbiosis. Such usage benefits not only economy but environment and, therefore, society whole. To describe recovered plants, authors anthropogenicity index, which characterizes level technological advancement substitutability primary secondary